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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
we saw the miniaturist¨s devils themselves�此 �These weird creatures resembled
the jinns and giants the old masters of Herat and the artists of the Book of
Kings drew frequently�察 �yet the sardonic talent of the miniaturist made them
more sinister�察 �aggressive and human in form。 We laughed watching these
terrifying devils�察�the size of a man yet with misshapen bodies�察�branching horns
and feline tails。 As I turned the pages�察 �these naked devils with bushy brows�察�
round faces�察 �bulging eyes�察 �pointed teeth�察 �sharp nails and the dark wrinkled
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skin of old men began to beat each other and wrestle�察�to steal a great horse
and sacrifice it to their gods�察�to leap and play�察�to cut down trees�察�to spirit away
beautiful princesses in their palanquins and to capture dragons and sack
treasuries。 I mentioned that in this volume�察�which had seen the touch of many
different brushes�察�the miniaturist known as Black Pen�察�who¨d made the devils�察�
also drew Kalenderi dervishes with shaved heads�察 �ragged clothes�察 �iron chains
and staffs�察 �and Master Osman had me one by one repeat their similarities�察�
listening closely to what I said。
^Cutting open the nostrils of horses so they might breathe easier and travel
farther is a centuries´old Mongol custom�察院 �he said later。 ^Hulagu Khan¨s
armies conquered all of Arabia�察�Persia and China with their horses。 When they
entered Baghdad�察�put its inhabitants to the sword�察�plundered it and tossed all
its books into the Tigris�察 �as we know�察 �the famous calligrapher�察 �and later�察�
illuminator Ibn Shakir fled the city and the slaughter�察 �heading north on the
road by which the Mongol horsemen had e�察�instead of south along with
everyone else。 At that time�察 �no one made illustrations because the Koran
forbade them�察 �and painters weren¨t taken seriously。 We owe the greatest
secrets of our noble occupation to Ibn Shakir�察�the patron saint and master of
all miniaturists�此 �the vision of the world from a minaret�察 �the persistence of a
horizon line visible or invisible�察�and the depiction of all things from clouds to
insects the way the Chinese envisaged them�察 �in curling�察 �lively and optimistic
colors。 I¨ve heard that he studied the nostrils of horses in order to keep himself
moving northward during that legendary journey into the heartland of the
Mongol hordes。 However�察�as far as I¨ve seen and heard�察�none of the horses he
drew in Samarkand�察�which he reached after a year¨s travel on foot undaunted
by snow and severe weather�察 �had clipped nostrils。 For him�察 �perfect dream
horses were not the sturdy�察�powerful�察�victorious horses of the Mongols that he
came to know in his adulthood�察�they were the elegant Arab horses that he¨d
sorrowfully left behind in his happy youth。 This is why for me the strange nose
of the horse made for Enishte¨s book brought to mind neither Mongol horses
nor this custom the Mongols spread to Khorasan and Samarkand。 ̄
As he spoke�察�Master Osman looked now at the book and now at us�察�as if he
could see only those things he conjured in his mind¨s eye。
^Besides horses with clipped noses and Chinese painting�察�the devils in this
book are another thing brought with the Mongol hordes to Persia and thence
all the way here to Istanbul。 You¨ve probably heard how these demons are
ambassadors of evil dispatched by dark forces from deep beneath the ground
to snatch away human lives and whatever we deem valuable and how they¨re
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bent on carrying us off to their underworld of blackness and death。 In this
underground realm everything�察�whether cloud�察�tree�察�object�察�dog or book�察�has a
soul and speaks。 ̄
^Quite so�察院 �said the elderly dwarf。 ^As Allah is my witness�察 �some nights
when I¨m locked in here�察�not only the spirits of the clocks�察�the Chinese plates
and the crystal bowls that chime constantly anyway�察�but the spirits of all the
rifles�察�swords�察�shields and bloody helmets grow restless and begin to converse
in such a ruckus that the Treasury bees the swarming field of an
apocalyptic battle。 ̄
^The Kalenderi dervishes�察 �whose pictures we¨ve seen�察 �brought this belief
from Khorasan to Persia�察 �and later all the way to Istanbul�察院 �said Master
Osman。 ^As Sultan Selim the Grim was plundering the Seven Heavens Palace
after defeating Shah Ismail�察 �Bedi┨zzaman Mirza!a descendant of
Tamerlane!betrayed Shah Ismail and together with the Kalenderis that
constituted his followers�察�joined the Ottomans。 In the train of the Denizen of
Paradise�察 �Sultan Selim�察 �as he returned through winter cold and snow to
Istanbul�察�were two wives of Shah Ismail�察�whom he¨d routed at Chaldiran。 They
were lovely women with white skin and slanting almond eyes�察�and with them
came all the books preserved in the Seven Heavens Palace library�察�books left by
the former masters of Tabriz�察 �the Mongols�察 �the Inkhanids�察 �the Jelayirids and
the Blacksheep�察�and taken as plunder by the defeated shah from the Uzbeks�察�
the Persians and the Timurids。 I shall stare at these books until Our Sultan and
the Head Treasurer remove me from here。 ̄
Yet by now his eyes showed the same lack of direction that one sees in the
blind。 He held his mother´of´pearl´handled magnifying glass more out of habit
than to see。 We fell silent。 Master Osman requested that the dwarf�察 �who
listened to his entire account as though to some bitter tale�察�once again locate
and bring him a volume whose binding he described in detail。 Once the dwarf
had gone away�察�I naively asked my master�此�
^So then�察 �who¨s responsible for the horse illustration in my Enishte¨s
book�拭院�
^Both the horses in question have clipped nostrils�察院�he said�察 �regardless of
whether it was done in Samarkand or�察�as I said�察�in Transoxiana�察�the one you¨ve
found in this album is rendered in the Chinese style。 As for the beautiful horse
of Enishte¨s book�察�that was made in the Persian style like the wondrous horses
drawn by the masters of Herat。 Indeed�察�it is an elegant illustration whose equal
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would be difficult to find anywhere� �It¨s a horse of artistry�察 �not a Mongol
horse。 ̄
^But its nostrils are cut open like a genuine Mongol horse�察院�I whispered。
^It¨s apparent that two hundred years ago when the Mongols retreated and
the reign of Tamerlane and his descendants began�察�one of the old masters in
Herat drew an exquisite horse whose nostrils were indeed cut open!
influenced either by a Mongol horse that he¨d seen or by another miniaturist
who¨d made a Mongol horse with clipped nostrils。 No one knows for certain
on which page in which book and for which shah it was made。 But I¨m sure
that the book and picture were greatly admired and praised!who knows�察�
maybe by the sultan¨s favorite in the harem!and that they were legendary for
a time� �I¨m also convinced that for this very reason all the mediocre
miniaturists�察 �muttering enviously to themselves�察 �imitated this horse and
multiplied its image。 In this fashion�察 �the wonderful horse with its nostrils
gradually became a model of form ingrained in the minds of the artists in that
workshop。 Years later�察�after their rulers were defeated in battle�察�these painters�察�
like somber women headed to other harems�察�found new shahs and princes to
work for in new countries�察�and carried with them�察�stowed in their memories�察�
the image of horses whose nostrils were elegantly cut open。 Perhaps under the
influence of different styles and different masters in different workshops�察�
many of the artists never made use of and eventually forgot this unusual
image which noheless remained preserved in a corner of their minds。
Others�察 �however�察 �in the new workshops they joined�察 �not only drew elegant
clipped´nosed horses�察�they also taught their pretty apprentices to do the same
with the encouragement that  ̄this is how the old masters used to do it。^ So
then�察�in this manner�察�even after the Mongols and their hardy horses retreated
from the lands of the Persians and Arabs�察 �even centuries after new lives had
begun in ravaged and burned cities�察�some painters continued drawing horses
this way�察 �believing it was a standard form。 I¨m also sure that others still�察�
pletely unaongol cavalry and the clipped noses
of their steeds�察�draw horses the way we do in our workshop�察�insisting that this
too is  ̄a standard form。^ ̄
^My dear master�察院 �I said�察 �overwhelmed with awe�察 �as we hoped�察 �your
 ̄courtesan method` truly did produce an answer。 It seems that each artist also
bears his own hidden signature。^
^Not each artist�察 �but each workshop�察院 �he said with pride。 ^And not even
each workshop。 In certain miserable workshops�察 �as in certain miserable
families�察�everyone speaks in a different voice for years without acknowledging
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that happiness is born of harmony�察�and that as a matter of course�察�harmony
bees happiness。 Some painters try to illustrate like the Chinese�察�some like
the Turkmen and some like they do in Shiraz�察�fighting for years on end�察�never
attaining a happy union!like a discontented husband and wife。 ̄
I saw that pride quite definitely ruled his face�察�the cross expression of a man
who wanted to be all powerful had now replaced the look of the morose�察�
pitiable old man that I¨d seen him wear for so long。
^My dear master�察院�I said�察 �over a period of twenty years here in Istanbul�察�
you¨ve united various artists from the four corners of the world�察 �men of all
natures and temperaments�察 �in such harmony that you¨ve ended up creating
and defining the Ottoman style。 ̄
Why did the awe that I¨d felt wholeheartedly only a short time ago give way
to hypocrisy as I voiced my feelings�拭�For our praise of a man�察�whose talent and
mastery genuinely astounds us�察 �to be sincere�察 �must he lose most of his
authority and influence and bee slightly pathetic�拭�
^Now then�察�where¨s that dwarf hiding�拭院�he said。
He said this the way powerful men who are pleased by flattery and praise
but recollect vaguely that they ought not be would!as though he wished to
change the subject。
^Despite being a great master of Persian legends and styles�察�you¨ve created a
distinct world of illustration worthy of Ottoman glory and strength�察院 �I
whispered。 ^You¨re the one who brought to art the power of the Ottoman
sword�察�the optimistic colors of Ottoman victory�察�the interest in and attention
to objects and implements�察 �and the freedom of a fortable lifestyle。 My
dear master�察 �it¨s been the greatest honor of my life to look at these
masterpieces by the old legendary masters with you´ ̄
For a long time I whispered on in this manner。 Within the icy darkness and
cluttered disarray of the Treasury�察 �which resembled a recently abandoned
battlefield�察�our bodies were so close that my whispering became an expression
of intimacy。
Later�察�as with certain blind men who can¨t control their facial expressions�察�
Master Osman¨s eyes assumed the look of an old man lost in pleasure。 I
praised the old master at length�察�now with heartfelt emotion�察�now shuddering
with the inner revulsion I felt toward the blind。
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He held my hand with his cold fingers�察�caressed my forearm and touched
my face。 His strength and age seemed to pass through his fingers into me。 I�察�
again�察�thought of Shekure who awaited me at home。
Standing still that way for a time�察�pages opened before us�察�it was as if my
lavish praise and his self´admiration and self´pity had so fatigued us that we
were resting。 We¨d bee embarrassed of each other。
^Where¨s that dwarf gone to�拭院�he asked again。
I was certain that the wily dwarf was hiding in some niche watching us。 As
if I were searching him out�察�I turned my shoulders right and left�察�but kept my
eyes trained attentively on Master Osman。 Was he truly blind or was he trying
to convince the world�察 �including himself�察 �that he was blind�拭 �I¨d heard that
some untalented and inpetent old masters from Shiraz feigned blindness
in their old age to curry respect and to prevent others from mentioning their
failures。
^I would like to die here�察院�he said。
^My great master�察�my dear sir�察院�I fawned�察 �in this age when value is placed
not on painting but on the money one can earn from it�察 �not on the old
masters but on imitators of the Franks�察 �I so well understand what you¨re
saying that it brings tears to my eyes。 Yet it is also your duty to protect your
master illustrators from their enemies。 Please tell me�察�what conclusions have
you drawn from the  ̄courtesan method`�拭�Who is the miniaturist who painted
that horse�拭亜�
^Olive。 ̄
He¨d said this with such ease that I had no chance to be surprised。