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we  saw  the  miniaturist¨s  devils  themselves�此 �These  weird  creatures  resembled 
the  jinns  and  giants  the  old  masters  of  Herat  and  the  artists  of  the  Book  of 
Kings  drew  frequently�察 �yet  the  sardonic  talent  of  the  miniaturist  made  them 
more  sinister�察 �aggressive  and  human  in  form。  We  laughed  watching  these 
terrifying devils�察�the size of a man yet with misshapen bodies�察�branching horns 
and  feline  tails。  As  I  turned  the  pages�察 �these  naked  devils  with  bushy  brows�察�
round  faces�察 �bulging  eyes�察 �pointed  teeth�察 �sharp  nails  and  the  dark  wrinkled 
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skin of old men began to beat each other and wrestle�察�to steal a great horse 
and sacrifice it to their gods�察�to leap and play�察�to cut down trees�察�to spirit away 
beautiful  princesses  in  their  palanquins  and  to  capture  dragons  and  sack 
treasuries。 I mentioned that in this volume�察�which had seen the touch of many 
different brushes�察�the miniaturist known as Black Pen�察�who¨d made the devils�察�
also  drew  Kalenderi  dervishes  with  shaved  heads�察 �ragged  clothes�察 �iron  chains 
and  staffs�察 �and  Master  Osman  had  me  one  by  one  repeat  their  similarities�察�
listening closely to what I said。 
^Cutting open the nostrils of horses so they might breathe easier and travel 
farther  is  a  centuries´old  Mongol  custom�察院 �he  said  later。  ^Hulagu  Khan¨s 
armies conquered all of Arabia�察�Persia and China with their horses。 When they 
entered Baghdad�察�put its inhabitants to the sword�察�plundered it and tossed all 
its  books  into  the  Tigris�察 �as  we  know�察 �the  famous  calligrapher�察 �and  later�察�
illuminator  Ibn  Shakir  fled  the  city  and  the  slaughter�察 �heading  north  on  the 
road by which the Mongol horsemen had e�察�instead of south along with 
everyone  else。  At  that  time�察 �no  one  made  illustrations  because  the  Koran 
forbade  them�察 �and  painters  weren¨t  taken  seriously。  We  owe  the  greatest 
secrets of our noble occupation to Ibn Shakir�察�the patron saint and master of 
all  miniaturists�此 �the  vision  of  the  world  from  a  minaret�察 �the  persistence  of  a 
horizon line visible or invisible�察�and the depiction of all things from clouds to 
insects  the  way  the  Chinese  envisaged  them�察 �in  curling�察 �lively  and  optimistic 
colors。 I¨ve heard that he studied the nostrils of horses in order to keep himself 
moving  northward  during  that  legendary  journey  into  the  heartland  of  the 
Mongol hordes。 However�察�as far as I¨ve seen and heard�察�none of the horses he 
drew in Samarkand�察�which he reached after a year¨s travel on foot undaunted 
by  snow  and  severe  weather�察 �had  clipped  nostrils。  For  him�察 �perfect  dream 
horses were not the sturdy�察�powerful�察�victorious horses of the Mongols that he 
came to know in his adulthood�察�they were the elegant Arab horses that he¨d 
sorrowfully left behind in his happy youth。 This is why for me the strange nose 
of the horse made for Enishte¨s book brought to mind neither Mongol horses 
nor this custom the Mongols spread to Khorasan and Samarkand。 ̄ 
As he spoke�察�Master Osman looked now at the book and now at us�察�as if he 
could see only those things he conjured in his mind¨s eye。 
^Besides horses with clipped noses and Chinese painting�察�the devils in this 
book are another thing brought with the Mongol hordes to Persia and thence 
all  the  way  here  to  Istanbul。  You¨ve  probably  heard  how  these  demons  are 
ambassadors of evil dispatched by dark forces from deep beneath the ground 
to snatch away human lives and whatever we deem valuable and how they¨re 
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bent  on  carrying  us  off  to  their  underworld  of  blackness  and  death。  In  this 
underground realm everything�察�whether cloud�察�tree�察�object�察�dog or book�察�has a 
soul and speaks。 ̄ 
^Quite  so�察院 �said  the  elderly  dwarf。  ^As  Allah  is  my  witness�察 �some  nights 
when I¨m locked in here�察�not only the spirits of the clocks�察�the Chinese plates 
and the crystal bowls that chime constantly anyway�察�but the spirits of all the 
rifles�察�swords�察�shields and bloody helmets grow restless and begin to converse 
in  such  a  ruckus  that  the  Treasury  bees  the  swarming  field  of  an 
apocalyptic battle。 ̄ 
^The  Kalenderi  dervishes�察 �whose  pictures  we¨ve  seen�察 �brought  this  belief 
from  Khorasan  to  Persia�察 �and  later  all  the  way  to  Istanbul�察院 �said  Master 
Osman。 ^As Sultan Selim the Grim was plundering the Seven Heavens Palace 
after    defeating    Shah    Ismail�察   �Bedi┨zzaman    Mirza!a    descendant    of 
Tamerlane!betrayed  Shah  Ismail  and  together  with  the  Kalenderis  that 
constituted his followers�察�joined the Ottomans。 In the train of the Denizen of 
Paradise�察 �Sultan  Selim�察 �as  he  returned  through  winter  cold  and  snow  to 
Istanbul�察�were two wives of Shah Ismail�察�whom he¨d routed at Chaldiran。 They 
were lovely women with white skin and slanting almond eyes�察�and with them 
came all the books preserved in the Seven Heavens Palace library�察�books left by 
the  former  masters  of  Tabriz�察 �the  Mongols�察 �the  Inkhanids�察 �the  Jelayirids  and 
the Blacksheep�察�and taken as plunder by the defeated shah from the Uzbeks�察�
the Persians and the Timurids。 I shall stare at these books until Our Sultan and 
the Head Treasurer remove me from here。 ̄ 
Yet by now his eyes showed the same lack of direction that one sees in the 
blind。 He held his mother´of´pearl´handled magnifying glass more out of habit 
than  to  see。  We  fell  silent。  Master  Osman  requested  that  the  dwarf�察 �who 
listened to his entire account as though to some bitter tale�察�once again locate 
and bring him a volume whose binding he described in detail。 Once the dwarf 
had gone away�察�I naively asked my master�此�
^So  then�察 �who¨s  responsible  for  the  horse  illustration  in  my  Enishte¨s 
book�拭院�
^Both the horses in question have clipped nostrils�察院�he said�察 �regardless of 
whether it was done in Samarkand or�察�as I said�察�in Transoxiana�察�the one you¨ve 
found in this album is rendered in the Chinese style。 As for the beautiful horse 
of Enishte¨s book�察�that was made in the Persian style like the wondrous horses 
drawn by the masters of Herat。 Indeed�察�it is an elegant illustration whose equal 
358 
 
would  be  difficult  to  find  anywhere�  �It¨s  a  horse  of  artistry�察 �not  a  Mongol 
horse。 ̄ 
^But its nostrils are cut open like a genuine Mongol horse�察院�I whispered。 
^It¨s apparent that two hundred years ago when the Mongols retreated and 
the reign of Tamerlane and his descendants began�察�one of the old masters in 
Herat  drew  an  exquisite  horse  whose  nostrils  were  indeed  cut  open!
influenced either by a Mongol horse that he¨d seen or by another miniaturist 
who¨d made a Mongol horse with clipped nostrils。 No one knows for certain 
on which page in which book and for which shah it was made。 But I¨m sure 
that  the  book  and  picture  were  greatly  admired  and  praised!who  knows�察�
maybe by the sultan¨s favorite in the harem!and that they were legendary for 
a  time�  �I¨m  also  convinced  that  for  this  very  reason  all  the  mediocre 
miniaturists�察 �muttering  enviously  to  themselves�察 �imitated  this  horse  and 
multiplied  its  image。  In  this  fashion�察 �the  wonderful  horse  with  its  nostrils 
gradually became a model of form ingrained in the minds of the artists in that 
workshop。 Years later�察�after their rulers were defeated in battle�察�these painters�察�
like somber women headed to other harems�察�found new shahs and princes to 
work for in new countries�察�and carried with them�察�stowed in their memories�察�
the image of horses whose nostrils were elegantly cut open。 Perhaps under the 
influence  of  different  styles  and  different  masters  in  different  workshops�察�
many  of  the  artists  never  made  use  of  and  eventually  forgot  this  unusual 
image  which  noheless  remained  preserved  in  a  corner  of  their  minds。 
Others�察 �however�察 �in  the  new  workshops  they  joined�察 �not  only  drew  elegant 
clipped´nosed horses�察�they also taught their pretty apprentices to do the same 
with the encouragement that  ̄this is how the old masters used to do it。^ So 
then�察�in this manner�察�even after the Mongols and their hardy horses retreated 
from  the  lands  of  the  Persians  and  Arabs�察 �even  centuries  after  new  lives  had 
begun in ravaged and burned cities�察�some painters continued drawing horses 
this  way�察 �believing  it  was  a  standard  form。  I¨m  also  sure  that  others  still�察�
pletely unaongol cavalry and the clipped noses 
of their steeds�察�draw horses the way we do in our workshop�察�insisting that this 
too is  ̄a standard form。^ ̄ 
^My  dear  master�察院 �I  said�察 �overwhelmed  with  awe�察  �as  we  hoped�察 �your 
 ̄courtesan method` truly did produce an answer。 It seems that each artist also 
bears his own hidden signature。^ 
^Not  each  artist�察 �but  each  workshop�察院 �he  said  with  pride。  ^And  not  even 
each  workshop。  In  certain  miserable  workshops�察 �as  in  certain  miserable 
families�察�everyone speaks in a different voice for years without acknowledging 
359 
 
that happiness is born of harmony�察�and that as a matter of course�察�harmony 
bees happiness。 Some painters try to illustrate like the Chinese�察�some like 
the Turkmen and some like they do in Shiraz�察�fighting for years on end�察�never 
attaining a happy union!like a discontented husband and wife。 ̄ 
I saw that pride quite definitely ruled his face�察�the cross expression of a man 
who  wanted  to  be  all  powerful  had  now  replaced  the  look  of  the  morose�察�
pitiable old man that I¨d seen him wear for so long。 
^My dear master�察院�I said�察 �over a period of twenty years here in Istanbul�察�
you¨ve  united  various  artists  from  the  four  corners  of  the  world�察 �men  of  all 
natures  and  temperaments�察 �in  such  harmony  that  you¨ve  ended  up  creating 
and defining the Ottoman style。 ̄ 
Why did the awe that I¨d felt wholeheartedly only a short time ago give way 
to hypocrisy as I voiced my feelings�拭�For our praise of a man�察�whose talent and 
mastery  genuinely  astounds  us�察 �to  be  sincere�察 �must  he  lose  most  of  his 
authority and influence and bee slightly pathetic�拭�
^Now then�察�where¨s that dwarf hiding�拭院�he said。 
He said this the way powerful men who are pleased by flattery and praise 
but recollect vaguely that they ought not be would!as though he wished to 
change the subject。 
^Despite being a great master of Persian legends and styles�察�you¨ve created a 
distinct  world  of  illustration  worthy  of  Ottoman  glory  and  strength�察院 �I 
whispered。  ^You¨re  the  one  who  brought  to  art  the  power  of  the  Ottoman 
sword�察�the optimistic colors of Ottoman victory�察�the interest in and attention 
to  objects  and  implements�察 �and  the  freedom  of  a  fortable  lifestyle。  My 
dear  master�察 �it¨s  been  the  greatest  honor  of  my  life  to  look  at  these 
masterpieces by the old legendary masters with you´ ̄ 
For a long time I whispered on in this manner。 Within the icy darkness and 
cluttered  disarray  of  the  Treasury�察 �which  resembled  a  recently  abandoned 
battlefield�察�our bodies were so close that my whispering became an expression 
of intimacy。 
Later�察�as with certain blind men who can¨t control their facial expressions�察�
Master  Osman¨s  eyes  assumed  the  look  of  an  old  man  lost  in  pleasure。  I 
praised the old master at length�察�now with heartfelt emotion�察�now shuddering 
with the inner revulsion I felt toward the blind。 
360 
 
He held my hand with his cold fingers�察�caressed my forearm and touched 
my face。 His strength and age seemed to pass through his fingers into me。 I�察�
again�察�thought of Shekure who awaited me at home。 
Standing still that way for a time�察�pages opened before us�察�it was as if my 
lavish praise and his self´admiration and self´pity had so fatigued us that we 
were resting。 We¨d bee embarrassed of each other。 
^Where¨s that dwarf gone to�拭院�he asked again。 
I was certain that the wily dwarf was hiding in some niche watching us。 As 
if I were searching him out�察�I turned my shoulders right and left�察�but kept my 
eyes trained attentively on Master Osman。 Was he truly blind or was he trying 
to  convince  the  world�察 �including  himself�察 �that  he  was  blind�拭 �I¨d  heard  that 
some untalented and inpetent old masters from Shiraz feigned blindness 
in their old age to curry respect and to prevent others from mentioning their 
failures。 
^I would like to die here�察院�he said。 
^My great master�察�my dear sir�察院�I fawned�察 �in this age when value is placed 
not  on  painting  but  on  the  money  one  can  earn  from  it�察 �not  on  the  old 
masters  but  on  imitators  of  the  Franks�察 �I  so  well  understand  what  you¨re 
saying that it brings tears to my eyes。 Yet it is also your duty to protect your 
master illustrators from their enemies。 Please tell me�察�what conclusions have 
you drawn from the  ̄courtesan method`�拭�Who is the miniaturist who painted 
that horse�拭亜�
^Olive。 ̄ 
He¨d said this with such ease that I had no chance to be surprised。 

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